One of IT’s biggest barriers is jargon, where simple concepts are given overly complex names. Among those is 2FA (two-factor authentication) or MFA (multi-factor authentication). Why don’t they just call it “Another way of checking that you really are who you say you are”. OK, maybe that’s a little wordy! 

Remember how easy it was when you just logged in with a name and a simple password? Sadly, criminals found it easy too – with your name and password. So, like a castle with various levels of defence, IT companies added new methods of authentication to keep ahead of those criminals and to protect your information.

At its simplest, 2FA brings together something you know, something you have and/or something you are. MFA is moving towards also using factors such as time and location. It’s not a new concept: “Traditionally debit card payments for many years have been 2FA: something you have (card) and something you know (pin).” Jimmy Wales (founder of Wikipedia).

“Something you know” could be a password, a PIN or answers to secret questions. “Something you have” is a phone, a credit card or an authenticator app. “Something you are” is biometric data, which is becoming easier to access with the increased availability of fingerprint scanners and face/voice recognition.

So my banking app is locked to my phone (something I have) and requires my fingerprint (something I am) to log in. Facebook asks for my password (something I know) and a code from my authenticator app (something I have). The irony is that the weakest form of 2FA is the most common – the SMS OTP (yes, more jargon). This is the One Time Password, or code, you're sent by text when you’re doing, for example, a credit card transaction. Texts are "vulnerable to compromise—albeit such compromises remain comparatively and thankfully rare—but it is becoming more of an issue." (Forbes) ​so it’s better to avoid this method if you have a choice.

​The common theme between most of these verification methods is that they require a smartphone, which makes life difficult for the many people – particularly of an older generation – who don’t have one.

What’s the future? It seems that 2FA/MFA isn’t going away any time soon. However, companies including Microsoft and Google are working with FIDO (Fast IDentity Online) Alliance to rethink “the nature of online authentication”, moving away from passwords completely. In a few years, I hope they’ll develop easier, more accessible solutions for everybody. In the meantime, though, while MFA is cumbersome “it's worth it in the long run to avoid serious theft, be it of your identity, data, or money”  (PC Mag).

Many of my columns are inspired by personal experience. Sadly, that’s true for this one too. The Government’s Tell Us Once service is set up to inform all relevant national and local government departments of a bereavement. As I used it when I lost my lovely Dad – the man who inspired my love of technology – last year, I thought I’d share my experience so you can be prepared if the time comes.

​There’s no denying that bereavement is difficult. But these services do what they can do make things easier, which is a small comfort.

The last 18 months have been tough on everyone, including our children. Each family had their own challenges: for mine, it was the UCAS personal statement as my son applied for university. No college meant no after-college activities. Closed shops meant no weekend jobs. Closed charities meant no volunteering. How could he stand out from the crowd? The answer came with online learning and volunteering. 

As things return to normal, we’re finding that these are still great ways of building skills and knowledge, whether it’s for a UCAS statement or gaining career skills or simply if your school days are lost in the mists of time but you still want to learn. As Henry Ford said: 'Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young.'

For something lighter we turned to Zooniverse for some online volunteering. As they say themselves: ‘The Zooniverse enables everyone to take part in real cutting-edge research in many fields across the sciences, humanities, and more. The Zooniverse creates opportunities for you to unlock answers and contribute to real discoveries.’ My son picked a project classifying gravitational waves – ripples in spacetime. Other projects range from identifying clouds, classifying whale vocalisations, transcribing information from architectural photography to capturing 19th-century tide gauge data from around the UK to study climate change and sea level rise. Personally, I love counting penguins in their Penguin Watch.

In 2015, Microsoft said that ‘Windows 10 is the last version of Windows’. The Verge explained, ‘While it immediately sounds like Microsoft is killing off Windows and not doing future versions, the reality is a little more complex. The future is “Windows as a service.” … Microsoft could opt for Windows 11 or Windows 12 in future, but if people upgrade to Windows 10 and the regular updates do the trick then everyone will just settle for just “Windows” without even worrying about the version number.’ So why, in spring 2021, am I reading ‘Windows 11 leak reveals new UI, Start menu, and more’? Have Microsoft abandoned the idea of ‘Windows as a service’. Well, yes (sort of).

In June, Windows 11 was officially introduced. So, what does this new Windows bring? The full 2021 Microsoft Windows Event is on youtube.com/watch?v=q5egaM2hibs, but here are the key points:

The upgrade – planned for release in the ‘holiday season’ with a slow rollout into 2022 – will be free for Windows 10 users for at least the first year. The big caveat is that Windows 11 may only run on newer CPUs. If you bought your PC before 2017 you’re probably out of luck, unless Microsoft change their minds in the coming months. If you can’t or won’t upgrade, don’t worry; you can continue using Windows 10 until support ends in 2025.

My first impression is that there’s nothing earth-shattering in this new Windows. But it’s still early days and new information is coming out all the time – check my TechTips for the latest news and reviews.

I need to start with an update on my last article. Just hours after the newsletter it's published in went to print, LastPass sent me an email telling me that the free version of their password manager would no longer work across multiple platforms. That left me having to decide whether to pay for the premium version or to find a new password manager.

​This brings me to a topic I've been planning to write about for a while … 

​One of the things I usually love about technology is that it's constantly innovating, looking for new or better ways of doing things. This video is an eye-opening reminder of just how far Windows has come since 1985. 

But not all the changes are for the better – and even the good ones can take some adjusting to. A client recently asked me ‘How do you find out about these things?’ Another told me that even when she Googles for solutions, she doesn't know which information to trust. So let me share with you some of the websites that may help.

You can also use these sites, and others such as The Verge, Digital Trends, Windows Latest and even Twitter, to get ahead of changes by following their tech news. 70 Tech Websites to Follow in 2021 is a great list of sites that you can read to keep yourself updated on the tech industry.

For the record, having done my research on a replacement for LastPass, I've switched to Bitwarden. While its ‘Free forever’ personal plan lacks style, it has all the functionality I need. I even find its mobile app easier to use than LastPass's.

Keep on learning!!!

I have good news for you! You can! With a password manager.

​A password manager is a safe space – a vault – where you can store information about all your accounts, including your passwords. The only way to open the vault is with a master password – the only one you’ll have to remember. Just make that password very strong and consider setting up two-factor authentication. Be aware that if you forget your master password, you may be locked out of your vault forever.

The advantages of password managers:
Encryption: the information you store in the vault is encrypted – transformed into complete unreadable gibberish that hackers won’t be able to decipher. Good password managers employ the encryption standard used by banks and the military and encrypt your information before it even leaves your computer.
Strong passwords: because you don’t rely on your memory, you can set up strong, unique passwords for every site. Many password managers even help you generate these.
Easy login: install the password manager’s browser extension and it can fill in your details when you login to a website. Do, though, read HowToGeek’s article on the dos and don’ts of using autofill.
Sychronisation: if you work across multiple devices you can access your information on whichever device you’re using, wherever you are.
Security checks: good password managers advise if you’re using the same password on multiple sites, if any of your passwords are weak or if your email address has been leaked in any known security breach.

What are the downsides? Obviously, because of the nature of the data stored, password managers are a target for hackers. However, researchers from the University of York who recently highlighted security vulnerabilities in some “still recommend their use to businesses and individuals alike, as they continue to be a more secure and useable option than resorting to password recycling or trying to memorize them all.” (WeLiveSecurity)

I’ve used the free version of LastPass as my password manager since 2014 and still find it more than adequate. SafetyDetectives deem LastPass “great choice for both beginner and tech-savvy users who are looking for a secure password manager”. If you’re considering a paid version, take a look at Tom’s Guide review of “The best password managers in 2021”.

The presents have been opened. Christmas dinner is eaten. You’ve taken a walk along the Ridgeway or up Yew Hill. Now the night is drawing in, but you don’t want the day to end. An idea hits you. You install the Freerice app. You open it and see:

Now I agree that 5 grains of rice don’t sound like much. But they soon add up. Last year, the equivalent of over 45 tonnes of rice were donated. (This year’s totals, sadly, will be lower; prior to July 30, each question generated 10 grains, but this has been temporarily reduced to 5 due to a collapse in the advertising market from the COVID-19 pandemic). “WFP doesn’t use the funds raised via Freerice to only purchase rice. Instead, money raised via Freerice funds a variety of WFP projects around the world, depending on where needs are greatest.” freerice.com/about.

I’ve played Freerice since 2013. Then, the only questions available were on English Vocabulary. These days, you can test yourself on topics such as Climate Action, Healthy Eating, World Landmarks, Famous Quotations, 6 different languages, Multiplication Tables, Chemical Symbols and, because this is 2020, CoronaVirus: Know the Facts.

You can now also create groups so you can compete with family or friends to see who can donate the most rice. Or you can play together with your kids to help them learn in a fun way – Freerice has an extensive list of banned industries and advertisers, so no inappropriate advertisements should ever appear.
​
Christmas is a time for giving. It’s also a chance to have fun with the family. Now you can do both with Freerice.

​I get my love of technology from my Dad, a real technophile who, until Alzheimer’s made it difficult, was never happier than when trying out a new gadget or experimenting with a new app. My Mum, on the other hand, is discombobulated by it all. She's fine doing familiar tasks on her laptop but gets thrown when something different happens. She's the first to admit she needs a lot of handholding – and she isn't alone in that.

When the Covid-19 lockdown happened and she knew I wouldn't be able to pop over and help with her list of problems, she panicked! Fortunately, the technology that scares her also came to her rescue, in the form of Quick Assist.
​
Quick Assist allows you to help someone less confident by giving you remote access to their computer. Its big advantage over better known alternatives such as TeamViewer is that it's built into Windows so there's nothing to install - although we still struggled a bit getting Mum to find the app on her computer. There are three ways to bring it up, and I think we tried all of them before we got it going:

1. Find it in the Windows Accessories folder in the Start menu;
2. Click on the Start menu, type Quick Assist and it shows in the search results;
3. Hold the Windows key and tap R; in the dialog box that comes up type quickassist and click OK.

​But eventually we got it running on both our laptops and could set up the connection. 

When I started writing this in February, I thought it was quite niche. But when restaurants and pubs closed because of Covid-19, home cooking became the new eating out and it's now surprisingly relevant.

I've always been a keen cook and have a shelf of recipe books, a box full of recipes ripped from magazines and a random collection of bookmarks for recipes all over the web. Over the years, I've tried to organise all these. I wanted something that was visual but also had great tagging and searching to help me manage my collection.

Then I found the answer: CopyMeThat. I discovered it while hunting for a recipe that was on a website that had closed. That's the beauty of CMT; it doesn't just bookmark the recipe, it saves a copy so that you still have it even when the original has disappeared. Web pages are ephemeral things!

Things I love about CMT:

• Free, unlimited recipe saving. There is a one-off, reasonable charge for the pro version if you want to support the developers.
• One-click recipe saving. CMT analyses the webpage and extracts the recipe – even on foreign language sites – which is then 'automatically formatted for simplicity' (Slant Review). On the rare occasion it doesn't get it right, or if there are more details you want to add, you can then manually edit it.
• Tagging and searching capabilities that make finding a specific recipe or getting inspiration for your next meal a doddle.
• The app version means you have the recipe on your phone or tablet in the kitchen as you cook.
• Recipes can be public or private. Browsing other people's collections is a great inspiration.
• Shopping lists and a meal plan help you get organised.
• Type in your own recipes and add photos to include of your own family favourites or new creations in your collection.

Downsides? It doesn't have the user base of sites like Yummly so I can't guarantee it'll be around for ever. If it doesn't, you can export your recipes to an HTML file – complete with pictures and the links to the original recipe sites – which you can use as a Word document. I must also say, it's functional rather than beautiful.

Check out my recipe collection; I hope it inspires you.

“I’ll Google that”. Like Hoover and Xerox, Google has become a verb in its own right. And there’s a reason for that:

​Why? Ecosia is a search engine that plants trees. Each search you carry out earns a point; for every 45 points, Ecosia plants a tree.

How does it work? Like every search engine, Ecosia is paid for by advertising. Their difference is that they use their revenue to fund not-for-profit organisations who plant trees in places where it will have a significant impact; current projects include Madagascar, Brazil & Spain.

​Is it legitimate? Ecosia is certified by B Corp to

​Is it private? More people than ever have concerns about Google tracking their data (hint: if you don’t want your searches to be tracked at all, use DuckDuckGo – duckduckgo.com). Ecosia does use trackers but commits to anonymising all searches within one week, encrypting your search and not selling your data.

Is it environmentally friendly? Ecosia’s own servers run on 100% renewable energy. But the search is powered by Microsoft’s Bing search engine and Microsoft aren’t quite there yet, although they’re moving in the right direction: 

Even on current figures, Ecosia estimates every search removes 1kg CO2 from the atmosphere due to the carbon-negative effect of the trees they plant.

Is it effective? I’ve been using Ecosia for a little while now. It does come up with different results from Google but it almost always finds what I’m looking for. And if it doesn’t, I just add #g to my search term and it redirects to a Google search. Likewise, among other search tags, #w searches directly in Wikipedia, #a in Amazon, #b in Bing, #yt in YouTube.

Any downsides? Other than having to allow ads, my only complaint is that it doesn’t work with some of my security extensions like Bitdefender’s TrafficLight.

Try Ecosia on ecosia.org. If you like it, install the browser extension, change the default search in your browser’s settings and/or download the app on your phone.

This article was originally published in the Winter 2019 edition of the Badger Farm & Oliver's Battery Community News. Here I have added much more information than I had space for in the original.

​When Santa receives letters like this, I do hope he has a techie-elf in his workshops to help him find a good computer. But if not, here are some pointers he (and you!) can use.

My choice is the Intel Core series, which come in four flavours: i3, i5, i7 and the newer i9. The latter two are for gaming and other intensive tasks such as media creation. A Core i3 is great for light use – the internet, office work and basic photo editing – but a Core i5 will, in general, be more powerful.

The extra bits. You'll often see a processor described as, for example, Intel Core i5-9300H Quad-Core Processor. This can give you clues to how good it is:

• Intel Core i5: It's the Core i5, the mid range processor I discuss above. You may also see Intel Celeron or Pentium. These are less powerful than the Core range. AMD are the other main manufacturer of chips. ​Generally, the advice has been that: 

​4Gb is adequate for day-to-day computing but 8Gb or more will definitely make a difference.

More reading.
How much RAM do you need? on Digital Trends is a great article that helps you understand why and when it's worth investing in extra RAM. I love their analogy that explains the difference between memory (RAM) and storage:

​Internal storage comes in two types. The traditional HDD (hard disk drive) is a mechanical device so runs slower. The newer SSD (solid-state drive) has no moving parts and runs much quicker but is more expensive, although prices are dropping. One option is to have two internal drives: install Windows and all your applications on a small (128Gb/256Gb) SSD so that they run super-fast and have a larger (1TB) HDD to store everything else.

One of the most intensive tasks for the computer is displaying everything on the screen. To take the pressure off the CPU, all computers have a graphics processing unit. 'If you want to play high-end games or do serious 3D modeling, you need to get a laptop with a more powerful, discrete graphics chip from Nvidia or AMD that takes over from the Intel GPU when you launch graphics-hungry programs. However, most mainstream users can get good enough performance from Intel's built-in' (aka Integrated) 'graphics.' laptopmag.com/articles/intel-hd-graphics-comparison

Screen size is obvious: weigh up portability, battery use and, most importantly, usability. Think about the screen resolution too. Look for at least 1920x1080 Full HD. 1366x768 HD screens may be priced more attractively but you could pay for the lower resolution in a lack of clarity and possibly with eyestrain.

Make sure there are enough USB – preferably the faster 3.0 – ports to connect all your devices (mouse, external hard drive etc). If you want to connect to a monitor or a TV you may need an HDMI port too.

 More reading.
USB 3.0 / 4.0 release dates and maximum speeds on userbenchmark.com. This is a very technical article, but it's worth a read if you're interested in the differences between the different USB variants. It also discusses the new USB 4 specification which will be released later this year.
September 2020: Thunderbolt 3 vs. USB-C: What’s the Difference? from HowtoGeek and ReviewGeek's USB Explained: All the Different Types (and What They’re Used for) probably cover everything you need to know about the USB connectors in all your gadgets.

​Be aware that, as most software is downloaded these days, not many laptops come with a CD/DVD drive. It is, however, possible to buy an external optical drive which you plug in to your computer when you need it.

Christmas Greetings from my own techie-elves! I hope they help you as much as they help me :)

​   Ann

As well as being Winchester Computer Tutor, since the spring I've been the editor of a local newsletter, the Badger Farm and Oliver's Battery Community News. I've enjoyed redesigning the newsletter and when setting up my first edition I took a long time choosing the fonts. Font choice is like housework – no-one notices when you do a good job, but everyone notices when you don't! 

The right font can make a difference in the way you get your message across, not just in publications like Community News, but in work and personal documents and even in emails. If you're designing a website, font choice becomes even more critical:

Windows 10 comes with around 100 fonts already installed, with a few more available from the Microsoft store. While that sounds like a lot, you may still feel that you can't find the perfect font for your project. So where can you get new ones?

It takes time and effort to design a great font, so many cost a lot of money and have restrictions on, for example, commercial use. There are sites that offer free fonts, but some are notorious for pirating copyrighted fonts or including malware, so you must choose carefully.

If in doubt, go with the big boys. And they don't get bigger than Google. With over 900 free fonts at fonts.google.com, your problem may be that there's too much choice. You can use the search tools to find fonts based on their type (serif or handwriting, for example), language or other characteristics. You can also use the font pairings recommendations to find fonts that work well together. When you've found your ideal font, select, download and install it: HowToGeek will guide you through this process.

If the Google fonts don’t meet your needs, other reputable font sites are dafont.com, fontspace.com and fontsquirrel.com. 

Some of my favourites for fun projects are Ink Draft from the Microsoft store; Courgette, Parisienne, Poiret One from Google; Kingthings Wrote, Montez and 1942 report from Font Squirrel. The medieval section of FontSpace has a great collection of illustrated letters and there's a party atmosphere in the Mexican section of daFont!

​One word of warning – too many fonts can slow down your computer, so don't get too carried away. ​

I’ve rebranded my column from Computer Corner to Tech Talk. Why? To reflect how computers have evolved from “the PC sitting on your desk” to “the tech you carry around all day”.

Think back to the days when the family would crowd round (or fight over) the only computer in the house. When you used dial-up internet and waited for 10 minutes for a song to download. How things have changed. Now, you catch up with your favourite shows on iPlayer while tweeting on your tablet and messaging on your phone. Then you jump onto your laptop to do some research or your console to play a game with friends. Switching from wifi to mobile data, you carry on regardless of whether you’re in the house, on the bus or even half-way up a mountain.

Interestingly, this was Apple’s dream back in the early eighties. “What we want to do at Apple, is we want to put an incredibly great computer in a book that you can carry around with you and learn how to use in 20 minutes ... And we really want to do it with a radio link in it so you don’t have to hook up to anything and you’re in communication with all of these larger databases and other computers.” One of the keys to the success of this dream is the communication with the “other computers” or what we now term the Cloud.

The Cloud still has an air of mystery but is just a short way of saying “software and services that run on the Internet, instead of locally on your computer” (Re/code). With the average broadband speed now 825 times faster than that old dial-up connection, it’s now not an issue to store huge amounts of data elsewhere and access it on the fly.

So, when you store pictures on Google photos, you’re using the Cloud. When you read email on your iPad, you’re using the Cloud. When you post to Facebook, ask Siri a question, update a shared document, stream a Netflix movie … well, you get the idea!

Using the Cloud means that, whichever device you have to hand, you can carry on exactly where you left off. Of course, it helps if the apps you use synchronise across all your devices. If you’re invested in the Apple world, you should find that everything works beautifully. And Windows and Android play nicely together, a cooperation that I imagine will only get stronger as Microsoft is moving to use Google’s software in its Edge browser.

“Cloud is about how you do computing, not where you do computing.” Enjoy the freedom that it brings.

As winter approaches, it’s a good time to look back and see how well I’ve stuck to my News Year’s Resolutions. Some haven’t been great. But “Get more organised” – that’s a YES! How? With the help of Trello.

In essence a virtual pinboard, in Trello you can organise almost anything. From a simple list of chores at home to a complex Kanban-based project at work, Trello helps you manage information in a clear, visual way. I’ve used it as a recipe catalogue, a holiday planner and for information sharing on my “Tech tips” board. Other people have used Trello for lesson planning, product roadmaps, keeping up with friends, job searches, party planning, tracking life goals. There are so many ideas on trello.com/inspiration.

​Getting started with Trello is easy: add a board, personalise it with a background picture, add some lists and finally add your cards.  Give each card a title, then open them to include more details – notes, checklists, pictures, links, labels, documents and dates. The Getting Started Guide on help.trello.com walks you through everything from adding your first board to using Trello like a pro while the Trello Features board shows many of the features in action. For a step-by-step introduction, watch the Getting Started With Trello video.

​​If you have a group of friends or colleagues who want to work together on a project, you can create “teams” to allow them to collaborate on a board. Assign each card to a person and you can easily share information and track progress on everyone’s tasks.

Trello has been developed to support a wide range of users and this is reflected in its flexibility. Each board can have its own Power-Up which extends its functionality. While most of these are more useful if you’re using Trello at work, some like TreeView, Voting, Calendar or, especially, Custom Fields help you tailor your personal boards to best fit your project. See them all at trello.com/power-ups. Another useful add-on is the Chrome extension; click this to add any webpage as a Trello card.  But you’re not limited to using Trello in a browser.

​​My only complaint is that boards with a few hundred cards warn of slow performance. But given that, even in the free version, you can have unlimited boards it’s easy to split your information into smaller boards which can be linked in an overview board. You can easily move cards between boards using the "Move..." button on the back of cards.